What is primarily responsible for the allergic symptoms caused by mold?

Fungal spores are primarily responsible for the allergic symptoms caused by mold. When mold grows, it produces tiny spores that can become airborne and be inhaled. These spores act as allergens, which can trigger immune responses in sensitive individuals, leading to symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, coughing, and even asthma attacks. This reaction occurs because the immune system mistakenly identifies these harmless spores as harmful intruders, resulting in an inflammatory response.

In contrast to the spores, bacteria and viruses are fundamentally different organisms that can cause disease but do not produce the same allergic reactions as mold spores. Pollen can also cause allergies but is not related to mold; it comes from flowering plants and is distinct from fungal allergens. This understanding underscores the critical role of fungal spores in indoor environments where mold may be present, especially for people with sensitivities or pre-existing respiratory conditions.