Which of the following fungi is associated with bird and bat droppings?

Histoplasma capsulatum is known to be associated with bird and bat droppings because it is a soil-dwelling fungus that thrives in environments enriched with organic material, particularly the droppings of these animals. When the droppings dry out, the spores of the fungus can become airborne and pose health risks when inhaled. This characteristic makes it particularly relevant in discussing environmental health and mold exposure, especially in areas where birds and bats are prevalent.

The other fungi listed, while they may have their own associations and health impacts, do not have the same direct connection to bird and bat droppings as Histoplasma capsulatum. Aspergillus is more commonly associated with decaying vegetation and stored grains. Penicillium is typically associated with decaying organic matter as well, and is frequently found in food spoilage scenarios. Stachybotrys, often referred to as "black mold," is usually tied to water-damaged building materials and is not specifically linked to bird and bat droppings.